Dietary Intake Of Antioxidant Vitamins Research Articles

Dietary Consumption of Antioxidant Vitamins in Relation to Prostate Cancer Risk in Japanese Men: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study.

Many epidemiological studies have investigated dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins in relation to prostate cancer risk in Western countries, but the results are inconsistent. However, few studies have reported this relationship in Asian countries. We investigated the association between intake of vitamins, including lycopene, α-carotene, β-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, with prostate cancer risk in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective (JPHC) study. 40,720 men without history of cancer finished the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and were included in the study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of prostate cancer risk were calculated according to the quintiles of energy-adjusted intake of vitamins using Cox models. After an average of 15.2 years (617,599 person-years in total) of follow-up, 1,386 cases of prostate cancer were identified, including 944 localized cases and 340 advanced cases. No associations were observed in consumption of antioxidant vitamins, including α-carotene, β-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E, and prostate cancer risk. Although higher lycopene intake was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (highest vs lowest quintile, HR 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04-1.47; P for trend = 0.01), there was a null association of lycopene intake with risk of prostate cancer detected by subjective symptoms (HR 1.12; 95% CI, 0.79-1.58; P for trend = 0.11). Our study suggested no association between antioxidant intake of vitamins and prostate cancer risk.

Dietary Intake of Antioxidant Vitamins and Its Relation to the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults With Preserved Renal Function

It is expected that antioxidants contribute to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there are no data on the protective effect of dietary antioxidant vitamins on CKD. The purpose of study was to evaluate the renoprotective effect of dietary antioxidant vitamins in the general population. The study participants were 127,081 Korean adults with preserved renal function with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60mL/min/1.73m2. They were categorized into 3 groups by tertile levels of dietary antioxidant vitamins intake including vitamins C, E, and A. Cox proportional hazard assumption was used to calculate multivariable hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval for the incident moderate to severe CKD (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]) according to tertile levels of dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins. Subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate the risk of progression from normal to mildly decreased renal function, and from mildly decreased renal function to moderate to severe CKD. The risk of moderate to severe CKD was not significantly associated with the third tertile of dietary antioxidant vitamin intake including vitamin C (1.02 [0.78-1.34]), E (0.96 [0.73-1.27]), and A (0.98 [0.74-1.29]). Additionally, any tertile groups didn't show the significant association with the risk of moderate to severe CKD. Subgroup analysis also didn't show the decreased risk of progression from normal to mildly decreased renal function, and from mildly decreased renal function to moderate to severe CKD in any tertile groups. Dietary intake of vitamins C, E, and A was not significantly associated with the risk of CKD progression.

Associations of dietary vitamin A and C intake with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic respiratory diseases.

Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are closely related and considered as allergic respiratory diseases (ARD), and their prevalence has recently increased. Data on the association of dietary antioxidant vitamin intake with asthma and AR in adults are limited. The present study aimed to investigate the associations of vitamin A and C intake with asthma, AR, and all cases of both diseases in young adults who participated in a cross-sectional national survey, with the use of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level as an effect modifier. This study included 6,293 male and female adults aged 20-49 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted between 2016 and 2018. The questionnaire-based reports on asthma and AR diagnosis were used to determine outcome variables. Further, 24-h recall data on dietary vitamin A and C, carotene, and retinol intake were acquired. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Dietary vitamin C intake was inversely associated with asthma prevalence among participants with hs-CRP levels (≥ 1 mg/L); the OR of asthma prevalence was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.08-0.84) for participants with vitamin C consumption ≥ 75 mg/day compared with those consuming < 20 mg/day. Similar association analyses limiting to non-users of dietary supplements were performed to rule out the potential effects of supplement intake on the outcomes; results showed a stronger association. However, the association between vitamin C and asthma was not significant in participants with hs-CRP levels < 1 mg/L; the OR of asthma was 1.44 (95% CI, 0.66-3.16) for participants with vitamin C consumption ≥ 75 mg/day compared with those consuming < 20 mg/day. Vitamin C intake was not associated with AR. Moreover, there was no association between vitamin A intake and neither asthma nor AR. These findings suggest that higher vitamin C intake may play a potential role in reducing asthma prevalence. Nevertheless, further studies should be conducted to evaluate whether this association is causal.

Association of Dietary Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and Gastric Cancer Risk According to Smoking Status and Histological Subtypes of Gastric Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Korea

Smoking is a risk factor for gastric cancer (GC) and causes oxidative stress. Antioxidant vitamins may protect against oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and GC risk according to smoking status and the histological subtype. This case-control study included 286 pairs of patients with GC and controls aged 20–79 years enrolled at two hospitals from 2002 to 2006, matched by age (± 2 years), sex, hospital, and participation period (± 1 years). Dietary information was collected using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). When stratified by smoking status, increased intake of vitamin C (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.17–0.84 for highest vs. lowest; P for trend = 0.033) and folate (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.12–0.64 for highest vs. lowest; P for trend = 0.003) decreased GC risk in nonsmokers. Vitamin C (P for interaction = 0.043) and folate (P for interaction =0.015) levels were significantly associated with smoking status. Similar results were observed in nonsmokers with diffuse and mixed types of GC, but not in those with intestinal type of GC. Therefore, we found an inverse association between higher intake of dietary vitamin C and folate with the risk of GC among nonsmokers. These protective associations were strong in nonsmokers with diffuse and mixed types of GC.

Is dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins associated with reduced adverse effects of air pollution on diabetes? Findings from a large cohort study

IntroductionIt remains unknown whether higher dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins could reduce the harmful effects of air pollution on incident diabetes mellitus. MethodsA total of 156,490 participants free of diabetes mellitus in the UK Biobank data were included in this analysis. Antioxidant vitamin intake was measured using a 24-h food intake questionnaire, and results were categorized as sufficient or insufficient according to the British Recommended Nutrient Intake. Exposure to fine particles (PM2.5), thoracic particles (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) was estimated using land use regression models at participants’ residences. Incident diabetes mellitus was identified using health administrative datasets. Cox regression models were used to assess the associations. ResultsA total of 4271 incident diabetes mellitus cases were identified during a median follow-up of 11.7 years. Compared with participants with insufficient intake of antioxidant vitamins, those with sufficient consumption had a weaker association between air pollution (PM2.5, PM10 and NO2) and diabetes mellitus [sufficient vs. insufficient: HR = 1.12 (95 % CI: 0.87, 1.45) vs. 1.69 (95 % CI: 1.42, 2.02) for PM2.5, 1.00 (95 % CI: 0.88, 1.14) vs. 1.21 (95 % CI: 1.10, 1.34) for PM10, and 1.01 (95 % CI: 0.98, 1.04) vs. 1.05 (95 % CI: 1.03, 1.07) for NO2 (all p for comparison < 0.05)]. Among different antioxidant vitamins, we observed stronger effects for vitamin C and E. ConclusionOur study suggests that ambient air pollution is one important risk factor of diabetes mellitus, and sufficient intake of antioxidant vitamins may reduce such adverse effects of air pollution on diabetes mellitus.

Associations between Dietary Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and the Changes in Bone Mass in Chinese Adolescents: A 2.5-Year Longitudinal Study.

(1) Background: Optimal bone mass accumulation during adolescence is crucial for maximising peak bone mass during adulthood. Dietary antioxidant vitamins may contribute to bone mass accumulation. This 2.5-year-long longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the relationships between dietary vitamin A, C, and E intakes and the annual changes in bone parameters among Chinese adolescents. (2) Method: Subjects aged 10–18 years (n = 1418) were recruited from a secondary school in Jiangmen, China. Dietary vitamin A, C, and E intakes were assessed using 24 h dietary records over 3 consecutive days. The Sahara Clinical Bone Sonometer was used to measure the broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and the speed of sound (SOS). Their annual changes were then calculated (i.e., BUA%/year, SOS%/year). The associations were detected after adjusting for the baseline bone phenotype; age; sex; weight; height; pubertal stage; physical activity; and dietary intakes of vitamin D, calcium and energy. (3) Results: A curvilinear relationship was found between the dietary intake of vitamin C and BUA%/year (p = 0.026); further analyses in the subgroups revealed that this relationship was observed in male adolescents (p = 0.012). A positive association was observed only in boys with a dietary vitamin C intake of ≥159.01 mg/day (β = 0.395, p = 0.036). Moreover, a linear positive association was shown between the dietary intake of vitamin E and BUA%/year in female adolescents (β = 0.082, p = 0.033). (4) Conclusion: Our findings indicated that dietary vitamin C intake has a threshold effect on bone mass gain in male adolescents and that dietary vitamin E intake could be a positive predictor of bone mass gain in female adolescents.

Causal associations between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and lung cancer: A Mendelian randomization study.

BackgroundOxidative stress is currently considered to be closely related to the occurrence of respiratory tumors, especially lung cancer. Many observational studies have shown that increased antioxidant intake can reduce the risk of lung cancer, but the results are still controversial. Therefore, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomized (MR) analysis to clarify the causal relationship between antioxidant vitamins and lung cancer.MethodsTo assess the causal effect of dietary antioxidant vitamin intake on lung cancer, we conducted a two-sample MR analysis and we extracted single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with antioxidants from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of the UK biobank. We gathered summary data for lung cancer from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO), including 11,348 cases and 15,861 controls, and applied the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary MR analysis, and performed a sensitivity analysis to verify the results.ResultsThe results showed that higher dietary retinol intake was causally associated with lung cancer overall [odds ratio (OR) = 1.844, 95% CI, 1.359–2.502, p = 0.00009], squamous cell lung cancer (OR = 2.162, 95% CI, 1.117–4.183, p = 0.022), and lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.706, 95% CI, 1.084–2.685, p = 0.021). Additionally, carotene was positively correlated with lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.510, 95% CI, 1.002–2.276, p = 0.049). However, there was a non-significant relationship between the intake of other dietary antioxidants (vitamin C and vitamin E) and lung cancer.ConclusionOur research showed that dietary retinol intake has an adverse impact on lung cancer, and carotene might increase the risk of adenocarcinoma. This highlights the importance of revealing the underlying mechanisms of dietary antioxidant vitamins in lung cancer and delivers an important health message that dietary antioxidant vitamin intake may not be necessary for the prevention of lung cancer. It also provides a basis for future research.

The influence of the dietary intake of vitamin C and vitamin E on the risk of gastric intestinal metaplasia in a cohort of Koreans.

Studies have suggested that the dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins, such as vitamin C and vitamin E, has a potential role in inhibiting gastric carcinogenesis. The present study investigated the effect of antioxidant vitamins on the incidence of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). This study included 67,657 Koreans free of GIM who periodically underwent health check-ups. Dietary intake was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants were categorized into 4 groups by quartiles of dietary vitamin C and vitamin E intake. The Cox proportional hazard assumption was used to determine the multivariable hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for GIM. The third and fourth quartiles of vitamin C intake had a lower risk of GIM than the first quartile (multivariable-adjusted HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.03 in the second quartile, HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.97 in the third quartile, and HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.95 in the fourth quartile). Vitamin E intake greater than the second quartile level was significantly associated with a lower risk of GIM than the first quartile (multivariable-adjusted HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.97 in the second quartile, HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.99 in the third quartile, and HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.94 in the fourth quartile). This association was observed only in the subgroup analysis for men. Higher dietary intake of vitamin C and vitamin E was associated with a lower risk of GIM.

Joint Effects of Carbon Black Exposure and Dietary Antioxidant Vitamin Intake on Small Airway Dysfunction.

Objectives: Small airway dysfunction is considered as a precursor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Our aim was to explore the joint effects of carbon black (CB) exposure and antioxidant vitamin intake on small airway dysfunction.Methods: A total of 70 CB packers (CBPs) and 107 non-CBPs were enrolled from an established cohort of CBP. Carbon content in airway macrophage (CCAM) quantified in induced sputum was used as a bio-effective dosimetry for exposure to CB. Logistic regression models were used to examine the odds ratios (ORs) of CB and dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins on small airway dysfunction, and the dose–response association.Results: The prevalence of small airway dysfunction was 32.9% (23 of 70) among CBPs, and 19.6% (21 of 107) among non-CBPs. For each 2.72-fold increase in CCAM, the OR of small airway dysfunction was 2.31 (95% CI = 1.20–4.44). For every 10 mg day−1 increase of the vitamin C intake, the risk of small airway dysfunction decreased by 6% (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.88–0.99). Compared to non-CB exposure and higher vitamin C intake, CB exposure and lower vitamin C intake (OR = 7.56, 95% CI = 1.80 to 31.81) were associated with an increased risk of small airway dysfunction.Conclusions: Chronic exposure to a high level of CB aerosol increased the risk of small airway dysfunction in CB baggers. Dietary intake of vitamin C might be a modifiable factor for preventing small airway dysfunction.

Association between dietary antioxidant vitamins intake and homocysteine levels in middle-aged and older adults with hypertension: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesPlasma total homocysteine (tHcy) has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess the relationship of dietary antioxidant vitamins intake with tHcy levels in middle-aged...

Dietary Antioxidant Micronutrient Intake and Toxicity during Remission Induction in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Results from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) ALL Consortium Trial 05-001

Introduction: Treatment related toxicities are a major contributor to morbidity during induction therapy in childhood ALL. Our prior study in 103 children with ALL suggested that low intakes of antioxidant micronutrients were associated with toxicity and delays in chemotherapy administration (Am J Clin Nutr 79:1029, 2004). The objective of this study was to examine whether inadequate antioxidant micronutrient dietary intake in children with ALL is associated with episodes of infection or ≥grade 3 mucositis during Remission Induction.Methods: Assessment of dietary intake was collected in patients (pts) ages 1-17.9 years enrolled on the DFCI ALL Consortium Protocol 05-001 from 2005-2011. Institutional review board approval was obtained by each of the 9 participating centers. Grade 3 or higher (NCI CTCAEvs) mucositis, culture positive bacteremia and fungemia, and radiographic invasive fungal disease were prospectively collected. Dietary intake was assessed with the Harvard Service Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for children ages 1-5 years and the Youth and Adolescent Harvard FFQ for children ages 5-18 years and queried about intake in the past 30 days at the end of induction. Dietary antioxidant intake from food sources ± supplementation was examined by comparing consumption above and below recommended intake for age and sex as per the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI). Micronutrient intake was summarized with descriptive statistics and plotted by the presence/absence of a given toxicity in induction. Categorical and continuous variables were compared between group with the Fisher's exact test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test respectively. Logistic regression was used to model the probability of a given toxicity univariately and with a multivariable adjustment for sex and age.Results: Among 794 eligible pts, 561 (71%) had analyzable FFQs. The sample with dietary surveys responses was marginally younger (p=0.06) and more often classified as initial standard risk (p=0.01) than those with no end of induction survey. DRI recommendations were not met for vitamin C (18%), vitamin E (67%) and zinc (12%); 39% of pts reported zinc overconsumption. 141 (25%) of pts with dietary data had ≥1 bacterial and/or fungal infection, 131 (23%) had ≥1 bacterial infection, and 19 (3%) had ≥1 fungal infection. 24 (4%) pts experienced at least 1 event of ≥grade 3 mucositis. Female sex was associated with overall and bacterial infection (p=0.02) and marginally with mucositis (p=0.06). The proportion of patients with ≥Grade 3 mucositis was marginally higher (p=0.06) for those not meeting the vitamin C recommendation (OR=2.3; 95% CI 1.0-5.5), but was not significant (p=0.10) in a multivariable model. Supplementation was reported by 88 (16%) for zinc, vitamins C, E, and A in combination, 16 (3%) for β-carotene and total carotene, and 87 (15%) for vitamin E alone. Intake levels of vitamins C, E, and A, zinc and total carotenoids from food sources and total (food + supplementation) were compared for pts with and without infection and mucositis (unadjusted for age/sex) (Figure 1). Bacterial infection was associated with low intake from food only of zinc (p=0.02), vitamin A (p=0.01), and vitamin E (p=0.049). Mucositis was associated with the following: low intakes of vitamin C from food (p=0.04), vitamin E from food (p=0.03), total lycopene (p=0.03), total α-carotene (p=0.01), total β-carotene (p=0.007) and from food (p=0.008), total carotene (p=0.005) and carotene from food (p=0.006), and total vitamin A (p=0.01) and vitamin A from food (p=0.004). Females age <10 had higher rates of bacterial infection with low β-carotene (p=0.05) and vitamin A from food (p=0.004). In males age ≥10, low vitamin E from food was observed in those with bacterial infections (p=0.05). Supplementation did not confer an added benefit for most nutrients.Conclusions: Confirming our pilot study, data from a large prospective cohort show that low dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins, carotenoids and zinc primarily from food sources predict risk for bacterial infection or mucositis during induction therapy for childhood ALL. Dietary supplementation for most vitamins and minerals did not confer an added benefit for prevention of infection or mucositis over levels obtained from food. Our results suggest a possible modifiable dietary intervention to reduce toxicity during induction therapy for ALL. [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Gender difference in the association of dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins with kidney function in middle-aged and elderly Japanese.

Dietary intake modification is important for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, little is known about the association between dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins and kidney function based on gender difference. We examined the relationship of dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins with decreased kidney function according to gender in Japanese subjects. This population-based, cross-sectional study included 936 Japanese participants with the age of 40 years or older. A validated brief self-administered diet history questionnaire was used to measure dietary intakes of vitamin E and its four isoforms, vitamin A and vitamin C. Decreased kidney function was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1·73 m2. A total of 498 (53·2 %) of the study participants were women. Mean age was 62·4 ± 11·3 years. Overall, 157 subjects met the criteria of decreased kidney function. In the fully adjusted model, a high vitamin E intake is inversely associated with decreased kidney function in women (odds ratio, 0·886; 95 % confidence interval, 0·786-0·998), whereas vitamin E intake was not associated with decreased kidney function (odds ratio, 0·931; 95 % confidence interval, 0·811-1·069) in men. No significant association between dietary intake of vitamins A and C and decreased kidney function was observed in women and men. Higher dietary intake of vitamin E was inversely associated with decreased kidney function in middle-aged and older women, and the result may provide insight into the more tailored dietary approaches to prevent CKD.

Kronik Böbrek Yetmezliğinde Antioksidan Vitaminlerin İnflamasyon ve Oksidatif Stres Üzerine Etkisi

Kronik böbrek yetmezliği (KBY), inflamasyonun ve oksidatif stresin sıklıkla eşlik ettiği bir süreç olarak bilinmektedir. Kronik böbrek yetmezliği hastalarında artan oksidatif stres düzeyleri, azalmış antioksidan savunma ve ortaya çıkan kronik inflamasyon kardiyovasküler hastalıklar başta olmak üzere birçok sağlık sorunu için risk faktörü olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle hastalarda antioksidan tedavinin uygun kullanımı oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Antioksidan vitaminlerin sürece etkisi değerlendirildiğinde, KBY hastalarında retinol bağlayıcı protein katabolizmasındaki azalmalar nedeniyle serum A vitamini konsantrasyonlarının sıklıkla yüksek olduğu düşünülmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak KBY hastalarına ek A vitamini suplemantasyonu önerilmemektedir. Diğer bir antioksidan olan C vitamininin, prooksidan etki gösterebilme ve oksalat oluşumunu artırma riski nedeniyle bu hastalara yönelik öneri konusu tartışmalıdır. Ancak diyaliz tedavisi alan hastalar değerlendirilirken C vitamininde gözlenen önemli kayıplar ve diyet kısıtlılıkları nedeniyle alımdaki azalmalar dikkate alınmalıdır. Kronik böbrek yetmezliği hastalarında E vitamininin birçok olumlu etkisi bildirilmekle birlikte suplemantasyonun dozu, süresi ve uygulama yolu gibi farklılıklar nedeniyle net öneri vermek mümkün olmamaktadır. Bununla birlikte özellikle E vitamini kaplı diyaliz membran kullanımının oksidatif stresi azaltabileceği düşünülmektedir. Kronik böbrek yetmezliği hastalarında antioksidan vitamin desteğine yönelik çalışmaların devam etmesi gerekmekle birlikte, hastaların diyet antioksidan vitamin alımlarının iyi değerlendirilmesi oldukça önem taşımaktadır.

Negative association between antioxidant vitamin intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese non-diabetic adults: mediation models involving superoxide dismutase

We aimed to explore the association between antioxidant vitamin intake, oxidative stress related markers and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by a cross-sectional analysis. A total of 241 non-diabetic participants from a Chinese rural cohort were included. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound (NAFLD, n = 71; Non-NAFLD, n = 171). Dietary intake was assessed by a 24-h food recall. Plasma oxidative stress related markers superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine(8-oxo-dG) were measured. The association between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake, oxidative stress related markers and NAFLD were analysed by Spearman correlation analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. Mediation models were established to examine whether SOD mediated the association between dietary vitamin A or α-tocopherol intake and NAFLD. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that dietary vitamin A and α-tocopherol intake were positively correlated with SOD (p < .05). Multiple logistic regression analysis found plasma SOD, dietary vitamin A and α-tocopherol intake were inversely associated with NAFLD (all p < .05). Mediation analysis indicated that SOD significantly mediated the indirect effect of dietary α-tocopherol (mediated effect = 13.21% total effect) or vitamin A (mediated effect = 3.12% total effect) intake on NAFLD. Our study indicated that dietary vitamin A and α-tocopherol intake may contribute to protect from NAFLD in Chinese non-diabetics, and the associations were partly mediated by SOD. However, SOD only accounted for a minor percentage of the association between vitamin A intake and NAFLD. Thus, other mechanisms underlying antioxidant vitamin’ protective effect on NAFLD need further exploration.

Changing dietary habits increases the intake of antioxidant vitamins and reduces the concentration of reactive oxygen species in blood: a pilot study

ABSTRACT The present study investigated whether changes in diet associated with an increased intake of micronutrients with antioxidant potential could affect reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation determined by EPR-spectroscopy. Out of initial 16 participants, 6 participants (28.3 ± 6.8 years) demonstrated a nutritional behavior below current national recommendations and were instructed to follow a mixed healthy diet for 2 weeks. ROS formation and nutrient intake were measured before and after the intervention and nutrient intake was quantified by nutritional protocols. The results indicated that ROS generation significantly decreased (p < .05). This was accompanied by a significantly increased intake of vitamin C (p < .05), vitamin E (p < .05), β-carotene (p < .01). This study showed that mixed healthy diet increased dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins and reduced ROS concentrations. The results indicated that EPR spectroscopy could be a useful tool to identify health-related effects of dietary regimens on ROS.

Cross-Sectional Associations Between Dietary Antioxidant Vitamins C, E and Carotenoid Intakes and Sarcopenic Indices in Women Aged 18\u201379\xa0Years

The prevalence of sarcopenia is increasing in aging populations, so prevention is critical. Vitamins (A, C, E and carotenoids) modify skeletal muscle via protein and collagen synthesis and anti-inflammatory activities. Previous studies have not investigated intake of these vitamins in relation to sarcopenic indices in both younger and older-aged women. Indices of skeletal muscle mass (as fat-free mass (FFM) relative to body size) were measured using DXA and leg explosive power (LEP) using the Nottingham Power Rig in 2570 women aged 18–79 years. Adjusted measures of skeletal muscle were calculated according to quintiles of vitamin C, E, retinol and carotenoid intake, derived from Food Frequency Questionnaires, after stratification by age. Higher vitamin C intake was associated with significantly higher indices of FFM and LEP, (Q5-Q1 = 2.0–12.8%, P < 0.01–0.02). Intakes of total and individual carotenoids were significantly associated with indices of FFM and LEP (Q5-Q1 = 1.0–7.5%). Vitamin E was significantly associated with FFM% and FFMBMI only. In mutually adjusted analysis with vitamin C, total carotene, vitamin E and protein in the model, the strongest associations were with vitamin C. These associations were stronger in younger women (< 65 years). For the first time, our research shows higher dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins, particularly vitamin C, is associated with higher skeletal muscle mass and power in free-living women. These findings have relevance for the treatment and prevention of frailty and sarcopenia throughout adulthood.

Association Between Intake of Antioxidant Vitamins and Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Among Korean Adults (P24-001-19)

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the association between intake of antioxidant vitamins and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Korean adults. Methods Based on the data from the 2013∼2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a total of 10,351 adults aged 19∼64 years were included. Presence of metabolic syndrome was determined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ criteria. Intakes of antioxidant vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E) were estimated by combining a 24-h dietary recall data with an antioxidant vitamin database for common Korean foods. We analyzed through the multiple logistic regression method to assess the association between dietary antioxidant vitamins and metabolic syndrome. Results Men in the highest tertile of vitamin C (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.58–0.95, p for trend = 0.0212) and vitamin E (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60–0.96, p for trend = 0.0212) intakes showed a significantly lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome than those in the lowest tertiles. Women in the highest intake group of vitamin A had a lower OR for increased waist circumference (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66–0.99, p for trend = 0.0618) than the lowest intake group. The OR for elevated triglycerides was lower among women in the highest tertile of vitamin C compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.61–0.93, p for trend = 0.0016). Conclusions These results suggest that the dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins might be associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Korean adults. Further prospective research is required to elucidate the association between dietary antioxidants intake and the incidence of metabolic syndrome and other chronic diseases. Funding Sources This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(NRF-2018R1A2B6007070). Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Dietary Intake of Anti-Oxidant Vitamins A, C, and E Is Inversely Associated with Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Chinese—A 22-Years Population-Based Prospective Study

Background: Conflicting and population-dependent findings have been reported from epidemiological studies on the associations of dietary intake of anti-oxidant vitamins with cardiovascular events. We investigated the prospective relationship between dietary intake of anti-oxidant vitamins and incident adverse cardiovascular outcomes amongst Hong Kong Chinese. Methods: In this prospective population-based study, baseline dietary intake of anti-oxidant vitamins (A, C, and E) were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire in 875 Chinese participants from the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study (CRISPS) in 1995–1996. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of incident adverse cardiovascular outcomes, defined as the first recorded diagnosis of cardiovascular deaths, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke, and coronary or other arterial revascularizations, was calculated per unit intake of each vitamin using multivariable Cox regression. Results: Over a median follow-up of 22 years, 85 participants (9.7%) developed adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Dietary intakes of vitamin A, C, and E were independently and inversely associated with incident adverse cardiovascular outcomes (HR 0.68, 95%CI 0.53–0.88, p = 0.003 for vitamin A; HR 0.66, 95%CI 0.52–0.85, p = 0.001 for vitamin C; and HR 0.57, 95%CI 0.38–0.86, p = 0.017 for vitamin E) after adjustments for conventional cardiovascular risk factors at baseline. Conclusions: Dietary intakes of anti-oxidant vitamins A, C, and E reduced the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in Hong Kong Chinese.

Dietary Antioxidant Micronutrients and All-Cause Mortality: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk.

BackgroundOxidative stress, the imbalance between pro- and antioxidants, has been implicated in the etiology and pathophysiology of the incidence and mortality of many diseases. We aim to investigate the relations of dietary intakes of vitamin C and E and main carotenoids with all-cause mortality in Japanese men and women.MethodsThe Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk had 22,795 men and 35,539 women, aged 40–79 years at baseline (1988–1990), who completed a valid food frequency questionnaire and were followed up to the end of 2009.ResultsThere were 6,179 deaths in men and 5,355 deaths in women during the median follow-up of 18.9 years for men and 19.4 years for women. Multivariate hazard ratios for the highest versus lowest quintile intakes in women were 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–0.90; P for trend < 0.0001) for vitamin C, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78–0.93; P for trend < 0.0001) for vitamin E, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.81–0.96; P for trend = 0.0006) for β-carotene, and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.82–0.98; P for trend = 0.0002) for β-cryptoxanthin. The joint effect of any two of these highly correlated micronutrients showed significant 12–17% reductions in risk in the high-intake group compared with the low-intake group in women. These significant associations were also observed in the highest quintile intakes of vitamin C, vitamin E, and β-carotene in female non-smokers but were not observed in female smokers, male smokers, and non-smokers.ConclusionsHigher dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins may reduce the risk of all-cause mortality in middle-aged Japanese women, especially female non-smokers.

The use of antioxidant vitamin supplements among oncological patients.

Dietary supplementation is becoming more and more common among both healthy and unhealthy people. The use of supplements is often unjustified, though in some groups of patients it is a necessary management for providing the required vitamins and minerals. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of using antioxidant vitamin supplements (A, C and E) among the patients of the oncology ward. The study group included 78 patients aged 19-83 years. The dietary intake of vitamins as well as the intake of supplements was assessed based on the data from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). It was observed that 46.2% of patients used some kind of a dietary supplement and 77.8% of them used antioxidant vitamins. Among those taking vitamin A, C or E supplements, 72.2% of women and 80% of men used multivitamins. It was reported that the average fulfillment of the recommended daily intake for vitamin A was 303 ±136%, for vitamin C it was 282 ±166% and for vitamin E it was 199 ±80%. More than 25% of the patients whose diets contained at least the same level of vitamins as dietary recommendations were using antioxidant vitamin supplements at the same time. Although the average dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins among the patients was not insufficient, the use of dietary supplements in different forms was common in our study. The results of other studies concerning the safety of using dietary supplements by cancer patients are not conclusive. Dietary supplementation in oncological patients should always be used after a medical consultation with a doctor and a dietician.